ingv:https://data.ingv.it/metadata/iso19115/1111.xml eng utf8 dataset Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV ufficiogestionedati@ingv.it http://istituto.ingv.it/it/ufficio-gestione-dati pointOfContact 2025-04-03 Linee Guida RNDT 2.0 NonLinLoc high-precision earthquake location catalog for Mount Etna (2000-2024) (Etna_NLL_SC_2000-2024) Etna_NLL_SC_2000-2024 2025-04 publication 1 ingv:https://doi.org/10.13127/etna_nll_sc_2000-2024 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV ufficiogestionedati@ingv.it http://www.ingv.it owner Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV ufficiogestionedati@ingv.it http://istituto.ingv.it/it/ufficio-gestione-dati resourceProvider Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV ufficiogestionedati@ingv.it http://istituto.ingv.it/it/ufficio-gestione-dati publisher Lomax, Anthony ALomax Scientific https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7747-5990 ORCID author Tuvè, Tiziana Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) tiziana.tuve@ingv.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4111-8008 ORCID author Giampiccolo, Elisabetta Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) elisabetta.giampiccolo@ingv.it https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-7436 ORCID author Cocina, Ornella Maria Gaetana Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) ornella.cocina@ingv.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1856-830X ORCID author ingv:https://doi.org/10.13127/etna_nll_sc_2000-2024 High-precision earthquake locations are indispensable for a wide range of seismological studies, including seismic hazard assessment, fault rupture process analysis and subsurface structural imaging. Here we present a catalog of high-precision relocated volcano-tectonic earthquakes, recorded by the seismic network managed by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo (INGV-OE) from 2000 to 2024 and originating on Etna volcano area. To perform hypocentral location we adopt the NLL-SSST-coherence (NLL-SC; Lomax et al., 2022) probabilistic non-linear location method. NLL-SC is an advanced location method designed to improve precision across multiple scales. This is achieved through the correction of seismic wave travel times and the analysis of waveform similarity. We produced a 24-year catalog of hypocentral locations for Etna volcano, representing a previously unexplored dataset using high-precision location techniques. This comprehensive dataset not only will contribute to understanding the seismic behaviour of Etna volcano but also will plays a key role in ongoing monitoring and scientific research related to volcanic activity in the region. completed Tuvè, Tiziana Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV tiziana.tuve@ingv.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4111-8008 ORCID pointOfContact notPlanned https://data.ingv.it/dataset/cover/1111.jpg thumbnail image/jpeg EU open data Etna Earthquakes Probabilistic Location theme otherRestrictions Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) otherRestrictions no limitations to public access http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/licence/CC_BY unclassified 1000 eng utf8 Etna 14.70 15.30 37.50 37.90 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) ufficiogestionedati@ingv.it http://www.ingv.it distributor https://oedatarep.ct.ingv.it/records/rq6nx-3ff97 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link other homepage accessPoint dataset m 1 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 Publication This data set is conformant with the INSPIRE Implementing Rules for the interoperability of spatial data sets and services true The NLL-SC method (Lomax & Savvaidis, 2022; Lomax et al, 2024) improves earthquake location by refining hypocenter accuracy. Based on the NonLinLoc (NLL) algorithm, a probabilistic global search technique, it estimates earthquake hypocenters using three-dimensional probability density functions (PDFs). A key component of this method is the application of Source-Specific Station Term (SSST) corrections, which iteratively refine travel-time estimates to minimize biases from velocity model inaccuracies. Additionally, Waveform Coherence Relocation utilizes waveform similarities between nearby events to improve relative locations, enhancing the clustering of seismic events. By integrating these approaches, the NLL-SC method produces a more precise and internally consistent earthquake catalog, providing valuable insights into the seismotectonic processes and structural characteristics of Etna volcano area. The dataset, used as input for the new hypocentral locations consists of approximately 22,000 earthquakes recorded in the Mount Etna region from 2000 to 2024, covering a geographical area defined by latitudes 37.5°N to 37.9°N and longitudes 14.7°E to 15.3°E. The seismic network operating during this long time period underwent several technical upgrades. From 2000 to 2024, the network transitioned from a sparse configuration primarily equipped with short-period (1s) analog sensors to a significantly denser network featuring exclusively three-component digital sensors (40s and 120s). This evolution resulted in an enhanced detection capability, enabling a minimum local magnitude (ML) threshold of approximately 0.2 to be achieved in certain areas (Ferrari et al., 2024). The present new catalog reports, for each earthquake, different parameters as the origin time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the hypocentral coordinates (latitude N and longitude E), the depth of the earthquake in kilometres b.s.l., the local magnitude (ML) and the moment magnitude (MW) as derived from Saraò et al., 2023. Additional parameters such as the number of stations used for location (NO), the root mean square of residuals (RMS), and the horizontal and vertical location errors (ERH and ERZ) are also reported together with P and S- wave arrival times. Earthquake location accuracy through the NLL-SC method is directly dependent on the quality of the initial velocity model. For this analysis, we have adopted a smooth, 1D velocity model derived from the 1D model used at INGV-OE for monitoring purposes (see Lomax et al., 2024 and references therein). The configuration of NLL-SC used here follows closely that of Lomax et al. (2024). Data and Resources The original dataset, used as input for the new hypocentral locations is available for public access through a dedicated online platform: https://sismoweb.ct.ingv.it/Etna/catalogs/2000_2010/ https://sismoweb.ct.ingv.it/Etna/catalogs/2011_2013/ https://sismoweb.ct.ingv.it/Etna/catalogs/2014_2016/index.php?17984 https://sismoweb.ct.ingv.it/Etna/catalogs/2017_2019/ http://eqcatalog.ct.ingv.it/etnarsc/ Acknowledgement We are indebted to the INGV-OE seismic network staff for ensuring the regular operation of seismic stations and to the Seismic Data Analysis Group for earthquake data processing. This catalog was produced in the frame of the IMPACT PROJECT (INGV Department strategic Projects-2019) WP1. Task 2-Mt. Etna structure, and INGV PROJECT Pianeta Dinamico (NEMESIS)—code CUP D53J19000170001—funded by Italian Ministry MIUR. References Alparone, S. C., Maiolino, V., Mostaccio, A., Scaltrito, A., Ursino, A., Barberi, G., et al. (2015). Mt. Etna Seismic Catalog 2000-2010 [Data set]. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) - Osservatorio Etneo. https://doi.org/10.13127/etnasc/2000_2010 Alparone, S. C., Barberi, G., Di Grazia, G., Giampiccolo, E., Maiolino, V., Mostaccio, A., Musumeci, C., Scaltrito, A., & Ursino, A. (2020). Mt. Etna Seismic Catalog 2011-2013 (Version 1) [Data set]. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). https://doi.org/10.13127/ETNASC/2011_2013 Alparone, S. C., Barberi, G., Di Grazia, G., Giampiccolo, E., Maiolino, V., Mostaccio, A., Musumeci, C., Scaltrito, A., Tuvè, T., & Ursino, A. (2020). Mt. Etna Seismic Catalog 2014-2016 (Version 1) [Data set]. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). https://doi.org/10.13127/ETNASC/2014_2016 Barberi, G., Di Grazia, G., Ferrari, F., Firetto Carlino, M., Giampiccolo, E., Maiolino, V., Mostaccio, A., Musumeci, C., Scaltrito, A., Sciotto, M., Tusa, G., Tuvè, T., & Ursino, A. (2020). Mt. Etna Revised Seismic Catalog from 2020 (EtnaRSC2020) (Version 1) [Data set]. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). https://doi.org/10.13127/ETNASC/ETNARSC2020 Alparone, S. C., Barberi, G., Di Grazia, G., Giampiccolo, E., Maiolino, V., Mostaccio, A., Musumeci, C., Scaltrito, A., Tuvè, T., & Ursino, A. (2022). Mt. Etna Seismic Catalog 2017-2019 (Version 1) [Data set]. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). https://doi.org/10.13127/ETNASC/2017_2019 Ferrari F., Giampiccolo E., Musumeci C., Tusa G., Tuvè T., Di Grazia G., Mostaccio A., Sciotto M., (2024). La sismicità dell’area etnea nel periodo Gennaio – Dicembre 2021. Quad. Geofis., 192: 132, https://doi.org/10.13127/qdg/192 Lomax, A. and A. Savvaidis (2022). High-Precision Earthquake Location Using Source-Specific Station Terms and Inter-Event Waveform Sirnilarity, J. Geophys. Res., Solid Earth, 127, e202 IJB023190, doi: 10.1029/2021JB0231907 Lomax, A., Tuvè, T., Giampiccolo, E., & Cocina, O. (2024). A new view of seismicity under Mt. Etna volcano, Italy, 2014-2023 from multi-scale high-precision earthquake relocations. Annals of Geophysics, 67. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-9147 Saraò A., Moratto L., Giampiccolo E., Cocina O. (2023). Moment magnitude for earthquakes in the Etna volcano area, Geophysical Journal International. Vol. 234, Issue 3, 2519–2533, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad257