The catalog consists of the dataset of the major explosions and paroxysms recorded at Stromboli from Jan. 1970 to Oct. 2023, as reconstructed through a detailed review of monitoring bulletins and reports, previous catalogs, and scientific literature of the last ca. 50 years. The catalog includes the calendar date, GMT time and phenomena descriptions for 89 explosive events, of which 4 were paroxysms, 51 were major explosions, and 34 were uncertain major explosions, i.e. explosions of unclear characterization that could have been major explosions or ordinary activity.
We detailed the event information content in five columns - (i) seismicity, (ii) sound/air shock, (iii) vents involved, (iv) ash plume/fallout, (v) ballistic projectiles. In addition, we indicated if there were any: (vi) field survey, (vii) pumices erupted, (viii) fires, (ix) map of the products, (x) photo/video of the event, (xi) hot avalanche, (xii) lava flow. The catalog also includes a list of the original literature sources that helped us in the complex characterization of the explosive events. We finally reported if there were people affected by the events, and any previous catalog that comprised them.
In our analysis (see also Bevilacqua et al., 2020b), we mostly relied on the detailed characterization of major explosions and paroxysms in Rosi et al. 2013 that provided quantitative constraints on total duration, fallout volume, mass discharge rate, ballistic size, ballistic range and column height of ordinary activity, major explosions, and paroxysms. In several cases, we had to carefully evaluate the original description of the phenomena, due to insufficient quantitative information in the scientific literature.
The catalog is accompanied by four supporting files. Supporting Material S1 is a table summary of all the events in the catalog, including a synoptic panel comparing the new catalog to the pre-existing catalogs. Supporting Material S2 is the collection of excerpts from the source documents, including the original figures and descriptions. Supporting Material S3 is the bibliography; a digital version of the literature sources referenced is available from the corresponding author. Supporting Material S4 is an addendum catalog that comprises the descriptions of a number of supplementary explosive events reported as anomalous in literature or monitoring files for various reasons, but not classified by us as paroxysms, major explosions, uncertain major explosions, or seismic sequences.
This catalog is complementary to the historical catalog Bevilacqua et al. (2020a), which comprises the years from 1879 to 1960. In the time interval between 1960 and 1970 no major explosions or paroxysms were recorded; however, some under-recording of major explosions might affect that decade. The modeling and estimation of inter-event time and temporal rate of major explosions and paroxysms at Stromboli volcano is detailed in Bevilacqua et al. (2020b) based on the data available at that time.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that the present catalog is based on the above reported criteria to characterize the ordinary activity, major explosions and paroxysms which are mostly oriented to the assessment of the hazard associated with the explosive activity of Stromboli. It should also be recognized that a well-defined boundary between these categories may not exist.
The catalog is open and dynamic and welcomes contributions from other sources and new information in order to make it more complete and robust.
